Conference Papers
The use of shotcrete (pump projected concrete) to enhance the structural capacity of an existing wall is well documented and economically viable, particularly at locations where advanced materials may not be locally available or its cost may be prohibitive. Since a properly executed and detailed shotcrete layer can match or surpass the properties of a cast-in-place concrete panel of the same thickness, shotcrete can potentially provide the same ballistic performance of cast-in-place concrete. Yet, its use as a fragment penetration protection layer has been restricted due to limited knowledge of proper application methods and design variables within the ballistic protection industry. Shotcrete can be used to thicken an existing cast-in-place or precast concrete wall, a concrete masonry unit (CMU) block wall, a clay brick wall, or a steel wall.
As the biofuels industry continues to expand in support of global decarbonization mandates and objectives, facility owners and developers are being challenged to balance production efficiency, operational reliability, and personnel safety.
As high hazard facilities, biofuels sites should focus on developing a fire protections strategy informed by performance-based analysis so strategies implemented meet the unique challenges found at each facility.
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