Finite element analysis is a powerful, high-fidelity complement to fast-running tools for analyzing structural response and blast propagation scenarios that do not conform to the simplifying assumptions of engineering models. With several codes at our disposal and multiple experts prepared to apply them, we leverage the power of these advanced modeling techniques to optimize design solutions for our clients.
Finite Element Analysis Services
BakerRisk uses the ANSYS LS-DYNA and CSi SAP2000 nonlinear modeling software programs to represent a wide variety of dynamic problems, including structures subjected to blast and impact loading.
Non-linear simulation of the dynamic response of walls, roof structures, frames, doors, and windows to applied blast loads. Models can include high-order effects such as interaction of the blast wave with the structure, passive resistance of air behind the structure, membrane effects, complex material behaviors such as strain rate enhancement, and thermally dependent properties.
Used to calculate blast pressures when simple modeling tools are inadequate, such as within a complex geometry of multiple rooms or rooms with multiple openings. Also used to generate blast loads when the loading profile is highly non-uniform, for close standoff conditions.
Alternative to simple handbook methods for predicting fragment and projectile penetration through barricades and walls.
Useful in evaluating equipment with complex geometries in scenarios such as accidental dropping, vehicle impact, and blast wave engulfment.
Simulates the response of a human surrogate subjected to debris impacts or blast acceleration and provides estimates of injury levels.
Evaluates structures or equipment using traditional eigenvalue and eigenvector methods to satisfy building code provisions.
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BakerRisk uses LS-DYNA and SAP2000 to cost-effectively solve the most complex analytical challenges, yielding greater efficiency, lower levels of conservatism, and a higher level of confidence in the design solutions we provide to our clients. BakerRisk’s FEA team can tackle any problem and provide significant benefits to any facility or industry.
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Because of their inherent complexity, industrial equipment such as pressure vessels or storage tanks are not usually amenable to analysis using simplified analytical techniques
This paper discusses several modeling issues for consideration when using a finite element analysis (FEA) approach to represent crimped metal wall panels responding to blast loads. Two profiles of crimped metal wall panels are modeled using two commercially-available FEA codes, namely ADINA and LS-DYNA. The first panel is ¼-inch thick with 4-inch deep corrugations and is supported by six-inch steel tubing eave struts at each end. The second panel is 0.078 inches thick with 1½-inch deep corrugations. Special connections are used at the end supports that are designed to deform and absorb energy during the structural response, preventing premature tearing of the panel. These panels are modeled using both FEA codes for a high-explosive blast load. The second panel was also tested using the BakerRisk shock tube. The FEA results are compared to observations from the tests.
This paper presents how three methods were applied to analyze a moment-resisting steel-framed building for response to a blast load. The building of interest was five bays wide, two bays deep, and four stories tall (138 ft by 48 ft by 80 ft, respectively). A three-dimensional dynamic finite element analysis (FEA) was performed using the commercially available ADINA code. Similar results were calculated using an equivalent two-dimensional dynamic FEA model. The dynamic response of the frame was also calculated with a single-degree-of-freedom analysis. Limitations and advantages for each method are discussed as well as the applicability of each procedure.
Calculation of blast propagation in air from a high explosive detonation is an often-used feature of LS-DYNA®’s Eulerian capabilities. To obtain credible results, a suitably fine mesh is needed, particularly in the vicinity of the explosive, to represent the nearly instantaneous rise of shock pressure and its gradual decay. In this paper, we aim to present a set of generally applicable guidelines for mesh refinement, using both 2-D axisymmetric and fully 3-D meshes. Models of a TNT spherical detonation were exercised using various mesh sizes and for charges of varying mass. Simulations made use of the high explosive burn material model and initial detonation card within LS-DYNA. The results were evaluated based on the total impulse at various scaled standoff distances, and then characterized in terms of a scaled mesh dimension (scaled by the cube root of the charge mass). This relationship can be used in future studies to evaluate the trade-off between computational intensity and accuracy of results.
NFPA 921 “Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigation” provides an excellent analytical framework for individuals having the responsibility of investigating fire and explosion incidents. Further, if the investigative results have the potential of being subjected to litigation, the investigative methodology must meet legal tests for admissibility in court. Both federal and state courts require experts to employ scientific methodologies in formulating their expert opinions. NFPA 921 establishes systematic investigative and analytical techniques around the core principle of scientific methodology. NFPA 1033 “Standard for Professional Qualifications for Fire Investigators” requires the investigator to “employ all elements of the scientific method as the operating analytical process throughout the investigation and for the drawing of conclusions”. This presentation provides case study examples of forensic scientific methodology as applied to industrial petrochemical onshore and offshore incidents.
Modular metal buildings are widely used in petrochemical facilities for equipment centers as they are relatively inexpensive and can be constructed and finished out much more quickly than conventional buildings in a turn-key operation. These buildings typically consist of self-framing stiffened metal panels for the roof and walls, and are supported on top of a steel beam frame at floor level. Single-Degree-of-Freedom (SDOF) analysis is often performed to design and predict relevant component responses. Finite Element Analysis (FEA), however, can more precisely evaluate and predict both component and global responses. This paper details an FEA study of the structural response of modular metal buildings to typical blast loads generated from a vapor cloud explosion. The roof and walls are analyzed both individually and as a combined structure to determine geometrical requirements to sustain the design blast loads, and connections are also evaluated. The FEA results are compared to those attained from SDOF models and limited previously published experimental data. Additional design considerations, such as recommendations for appropriate design criteria for equipment shelters, are also provided.
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